Franco-Fete 2012 – Remembering Our Lady of Lourdes. B. Marshall West with Dick Bernard

UPDATE Jan. 22, 2013: At the time of Franco-Fete, Sep 28-30, 2012, I cobbled together an earlier version of this post conveying spontaneous thoughts of B. Marshall West (Marshall) of Petaluma CA about his family roots at Our Lady Of Lourdes in Minneapolis. What follows is an edited version of the original.
A few days ago Marshall sent a note as follows: “Karen and I watched an old movie last night on our Comcast system.
It is “Untamed Heart”. Cast includes Marisa Tomei, Rosie Perez, and Christian Slater. Good movie, and very watchable. It is a tenderhearted movie.
It was filmed entirely in Minneapolis, and had a lot of scenes of our Lady of Lourdes and Nicolet Island, Riverplace, and the residential neighborhoods nearby. It was set in the 60’s or 70’s, with a lot of nostalgia for that period, the cars, dress, and mores.
Marisa Tomei had the Minnesota accent down pat.”

Dick, Jan 22: We watched the film (which is free if you have Comcast On Demand.) We concur with Marshall’s review.
Original Post: Oct. 7, 2012:
Dick: In the early 1980s I was a member of Our Lady of Lourdes parish in Minneapolis. At the time I was a novice in my family history and I believed my Collette family, who had migrated to then-St. Anthony in about 1864, was one of the root French-Canadian families who formed Our Lady of Lourdes from nearby St. Anthony of Padua in 1877.
Years later I learned that Collette’s had left what had become Minneapolis by 1875, with an intermediate stop in Dayton-Otsego MN area.
So, Lourdes was not my ancestral church after all.
Nonetheless, ca 1982, I cooked tourtiere and did the other things parish men did at Lourdes. And thought Lourdes was my ancestral home.

Our Lady of Lourdes 1982


Back then I wrote my first wife, Barbara’s, niece in California and in part told her about my new parish. Karen, from the Los Angeles area and, like my wife, 100% Norwegian, wrote back almost immediately that her husbands grandmother was a Bernard, and had been active at Lourdes. It was an exciting moment, soon tempered: husbands Bernard relation was a dit name replacing the real root name Brouillet. Nonetheless, we connected, and in the summer of 1982 my father and I, the Wests, and two other friends piled into my old Van and we spent a delightful vacation in Quebec.
Dad, 100% French-Canadian, and then a couple of years older than I am now, had never been to his root home in lower Canada, and it was a heavenly experience for him: a peak experience for his then-74 years.
(click on all photos to enlarge them)

Marshall West (bearded, at right) at St. Henri QC June 26, 1982. Seated next to Marshall is Henry Bernard. Photo by Dick Bernard.


Trip over, we went our separate ways, keeping in touch in the assorted ways distant relatives in distant places do, until January, 2012, when I sent out the first notice about Franco-Fete and mentioned Our Lady of Lourdes to Karen and B. Marshall (The “B” in his name is, of course, “Bernard”).
What follows, essentially verbatim, is the ensuing conversation, which helps bring into focus the ties that make community, and the extraordinary influence of the Catholic Church in the French-Canadian community.
Consider this parts of an on-line conversation, more than a piece of prose.
Most likely, it may trigger your own memories of family and church and community….

Our Lady of Lourdes, Minneapolis MN ca 1968


Marshall, January 9, 2012: “OMG would I love to attend [Franco-Fete], since it is at Our Lady of Lourdes church. I was baptized there (in 1936), and of course attended many masses there — where the liturgy was in Latin and the sermon was in French. I remember those long sermons that started “Bon jour, mesdames and monsieurs” and then about 20 minutes of a sermon that my brother and I could not understand one word of. My mother died in 1967 and the funeral was held there, and I remember so well that event as our whole family attended.” (Note: in the end, he/they could not attend Franco-Fete….)
Here’s what Marshall West had to say Sep 24 – Oct 7, 2012:
My Meme (Laura Bernard Dumas, grandmother) was the organist [at Lourdes for] over 50 years (from circa 1910 to 1960) and received a commendation from the then Pope [probably Pius XII or John XXIII].

The organ at Lourdes, Sep 28, 2012. Richard Dirlam, who gave us a tour, said this organ had been in use since the 1930s, and thus was the same organ Marshall's meme played.


My parents were married in that church (1932), and both my brother and I were baptized there (1934 and 1936 respectively), and my mother’s funeral in 1967 was there also. Mother’s maiden name was Carmen Marie Dumas (DOB 2/22/1905).
My brother and I were born in Minneapolis, although my parents lived elsewhere.
The Dumas/Bernard family all went to a certain French doctor, and trusted only him. Those non-French doctors were suspect, I guess.
In the summer, my mother and father would make a trip to Minneapolis and we would all go to Mass there. The liturgy was in Latin, of course, and the sermon and homily would be in French. My brother and I, as well as my father, would be mystified and did not get much out of the Mass. But, I absorbed some of it by osmosis.
I hear that my Great Aunt Rachel (Bernard) [later Gaudette], who you knew, was an originator of the meat pie recipe, the famous tourtieres. Those meat pies, by the way, I remember were for sale next door at the priest’s home in a freezer on the front porch and all you had to do was to pick one up and take it home and heat it. Ummmm.
My wife Karen has that very recipe and has made one several times but you know it is labor intensive and complicated and no non-Frenchman should attempt to replicate that.

Tourtieres made at Lourdes in 1982 (typed caption by Henry Bernard)


Later September 24: My grandparents were Dumas, like “doo-ma”, like Alexander Dumas.
Yes, Rachel was a Gaudette. Both my brother, nephew, and Stephanie bear the Dumas name as their middle name. Neither liked it, as the other kids would say “dumb-ass” just to be funny. Now, Stephanie loves the name, it is French, and sets her apart from all the Stephanies of the world.
Grandmother (Meme) was Laura Bernard, and she married Calixte Honore Dumas (my grandfather) probably around 1890 [likely at Lourdes].
The [first home] address [for my] grandparents was listed as 246 20th Avenue SE [note: this address, today, would be about where Mariucci Arena is at the University of Minnesota].
[In my memory] they lived nearby, as you suggest. It is a large house near the University [320 4th S SE] and within smelling distance of the Pillsbury baking facility. You are correct, my father was non-Catholic but did convert and I don’t know when that was.
My grandfather (Calixte Dumas) was a physician, died at the age of 45 [ca 1906], and my grandmother then converted their large home into a rooming house to make ends meet. She made her living by giving piano lessons in her home, and like I mentioned had a job playing the organ at Lourdes. I am sure she got a small salary or stipend for doing so. My grandparents (and all the cousins) spoke French in the home, much to the consternation of my brother and I. They could freely discuss us boys and we only knew that when they would intersperse “Marshall” or “Stephen” in their conversations. Our ears would perk up, but to no avail.
Brouillet was the name of the original family member coming from France as part of the Carignan regiment to Fort Chambly around 1660. Fort Chambly was originally called Fort St. Louis but later Chambly after one of the commanders there. That fort, if you remember [I do], is nicely preserved and now a Canadian Historic Site. He married a “Filles de Roi”, and over time there were many Brouillets as a result, so many in fact that a Bernard Brouillet began to use “Bernard” as a surname. So, the family split then into two different surnames but had the same origin.
Calixte (grandfather) was born in Canada in 1861 and baptized in St. Anselme, Quebec same year. Married in 1892 at age of 31. Immigrated to US in 1884, so it is possible they too were married at Lourdes.
Laura Bernard was born in Quebec (province) in 1874.
My own father’s name was Francis Leon West (DOB 1/22/1905) and he was a CPA during his lifetime.
I found out that Laura resided, in 1930, at 320 4th Street SE in 1930. That is the house on 4th Street SE I remember. [NOTE: here is the map of the House (B) in relation to Our Lady of Lourdes (A) ]
Zillow currently shows an apartment building, built in 1900, with multiple addresses on the door. I believe that is actually the site of the house I remember, and it is possible that the house was modernized later with a new facade. Zillow shows encroachment on the part of the University, and now there is a modern park across from that house. Also gone are the streetcars (duh!) that I used to take to the Minnesota State Fair in the summer. The church down on the corner in the next block is still there, and we could hear the singing coming from that church. My grandmother called them “Holy Rollers” and I thought that sounded evil.
Thanks for the trip down memory lane. It takes me way back.

Marshall's ancestral house, as it appeared Sep 30, 2012


The church on the corner of 4th and 4th, two houses down from Meme's house, pictured Oct 2, 2012


Yes, that is the house.
The address fits exactly, and the general shape of the current house is the same as it was, well, 100 years ago. The facade is completely different now, but the configuration is the same. In the lower left, there is a window. That window then was a bay window, a bump out from the house. The bay window was big enough for a seat cushion, and when I was really little that is where I slept as our family of four would be visiting Meme and I did not have the luxury of my own bedroom. At night, the street cars ran up and down 4th, and when the trolley pole hit an intersection where the wires met, it would spark, like lightning. Sometimes the light and noise would wake me up, but in retrospect, the clickety-clack of the trolley was quite charming. I forgot what it cost to ride a trolley then, but it was probably a nickel. You could get a transfer to other trolleys too, and thus you could go all the way to the fair grounds for the state fair for that price.
Zillow puts that very house as being “built in 1900”, and that would fit my time frame. Of course, all surrounding structures are now different. I mentioned to you the church on the corner, and you probably saw it when you were there. [see photo above]
My grandmother, Laura, converted the original one family house to a multi-family house and there were boarders then, even in the 40’s. The apartments were in the right half of the structure. I remember there were doors and staircases that were sealed up in order to create other living apace.
Somewhere in our family photos, we have a nice picture of Meme at Lourdes, playing that very organ you took a picture of. If I can find it, I will scan it and send it along. I also have a picture taken in the side yard of the house, in a glider [sled?]. It is me as a baby, my mother, my grandmother, and my great grandmother, four generations in all. That was probably at my baptism, as we lived in Washington, DC at the time and were headed back home.
Yes, that is the one [the church].
I suppose if one did some investigation, you could trace back who owned the church in the 30’s and 40’s. Of course, my meme and her family were all staunch Catholics, and hearing the loud singing and carrying on coming from that church must have been alarming to them, not like the more conservative Roman Catholics at Lourdes.
My mother told me they were “Holy Rollers”, whatever that meant, but my brother and I imagined perhaps they were some kind of satanic cult just down the street so we kept our distance.
October 7, 2012, Marshall sent what is probably the final e-mail for inclusion in this post: Sure, go ahead with this. I don’t mind sharing my “Frenchness” with any and all.
BTW, with your recent efforts in the Franco-Fete, it energized my own interest in my own family tree. I had done a lot before, but stopped for awhile. My daughter and I subscribe to Ancestry.com and I found it with a little effort you can find out great detail about your own family. One new feature is they have digitized the entire US census sheets for 1890, 1900, and on through 1940. You can read the original documents to see who was living in the house, and it gives names, ages, professions, and relationships.
As a result, I have now tracked the Bernard Brouillet string one generation before Michel Brouillet, and know his father and mother back in France. Never knew that. On the Dumas side, I am still working on that tree with names and dates. It is exciting to find out such detail.
MW
PS: it may come to pass that I am going to link “my” Bernards with “your” Bernards, if I go back far enough. I have found one Bernard who was born in a little village near the town of St. Henri. Hmmmmm!
Dick: a final note: In 1982, we six intrepid voyageurs attended a Festival at St. Henri QC, just to the south of Quebec City. The odds are more than even that his Bernard may be connected to my Bernard. As the saying goes, all French-Canadians are, indeed, related!

Franco-Fete Nouvelles Villes Jumelles Minneapolis September 29, 2012. Hon. Jacqueline Regis

On September 29, those attending Franco-Fete heard very meaningful remarks from Hennepin County Judge Jacqueline Regis.
Her 12-page remarks, printed here with her permission, “Serving our Community through the unique perspective we acquired through our French language”, can be seen here: Jacqueline Regis at Franco-Fete Sep 29, 2012
Her talk concluded with sustained applause.
Judge Regis, who grew up in rural Haiti, has her own inspirational story, “The Daughter of L’Arsenal”. It is accessible at a number of sources which can be seen here.
Judge Regis is profiled in the Journal, Francophone Roots in the Midwest, Vol 4, Issue 1, Fall 2012: Hon. Jacquie Regis001
At page 7ff Judge Regis comments on a personal hero of hers, Toussaint L’Ouverture, a leader in the slave revolution which led to Haiti’s declaration of independence from France in the early 1800s. There are numerous references to L’Ouverture on the internet. Take some time to take a look.

Franco-Fete Nouvelles Villes Jumelles, Minneapolis, September 28-30, 2012.

UPDATE February 21, 2013:
Most recent is #10, added February 21, 2013
The original post follows this Updates section.
1. UPDATE OCTOBER 5, 2012: Here is the text of Hon. Judge Jacqueline Regis‘ talk at Franco-Fete, September 29, 2012.
2, UPDATE OCTOBER 7, 2012: Marshall West remembers his family history at Our Lady of Lourdes.
3. UPDATE OCTOBER 12, 2012: Dr. Martine Sauret on Fr. Louis Hennepin, talk given at Franco-Fete Sep 29, 2012.
4. UPDATE OCTOBER 28, 2012: Here is a marvelous web page about Franco-Fete compiled by MnAATF communicator Mary Lou Wolsey.
5. UPDATE OCTOBER 29, 2012: here, A Personal Retrospective on Virgil Benoit by Dick Bernard
6. UPDATE NOVEMBER 6, 2012: A photo album from Franco-Fete Sep 29 by Dr. Timothy Pasch, University of North Dakota See here. Password FrancoFete.
Note from Tim:
J’ai crée un site pour les images du FrancoFête.
I have created a website for my images from the Franco-Fete.
SVP, veuillez envoyer le lien, et le mot de passe, à tout ceux qui aimerait l’avoir!
Please, do send this link, and the password, to all those who might like to have it!
Veuillez croire à l’assurance de mes sentiments les plus distinguées mes amis-
With very best wishes and sincerest regards for you, my friends-
Tim
7. UPDATE NOVEMBER 8, 2012: Here: En Avant: A significant film work by Christine Loys, now in progress, on the French presence in Minnesota.
8. UPDATE NOVEMBER 11, 2012: Photos from afternoon/evening Sep 29, 2012 primarily Eric Vincent and Le Vent du Nord from Annie.
9. UPDATE NOVEMBER 11, 2012: Remarks at Franco-Fete from Eileen Walvoord, Region Six Representative, American Association of Teachers of French: Intervention Franco-Fête final
10. UPDATE FEBRUARY 20, 2013: Some comments to a Letter to the Editor about pronunciation of French language here.
From time to time there will be more updates related to Franco-Fete, and they will be linked here. Bookmark this post and check back occasionally.
Continuing resource page for French-Canadians in Midwest: here
Original Post
October 1, 2012: For some days this blog space has been quiet.
A working group of about 10 of us were involved in pulling together the final details of, and finally pulling off, the first Franco-Fete in the Twin Cities. Such events happen all the time. They are never easy!

The St. Boniface community gift to Franco-Fete September 30, 2012. Merci


The last Franco-Fete event ended yesterday (Sunday) at a lunch in the church basement at St. Boniface Catholic Church in Minneapolis, and as the fog of near-exhaustion begins to lift, and with all of the frustrations that attend a first time conference, and additional unanticipated problems we encountered, we appear to have survived successfully.
Here is the first review, received from teacher of French Annie Muske on Sunday morning, September 30: “I wanted to send you a preliminary email just to let you know that my group (husband Randy, college student Chloe, French exchange student Camille, 22 French Club members in grades 9, 10, and 11, and me) had a WONDERFUL time at Franco-Fête yesterday! The kids were in a merry mood all day (despite leaving [their] High School at 8 AM) and were ECSTATIC after the Le Vent du Nord concert! (We got home at 11 PM!)”
Annie was writing to Dr. Virgil Benoit, University of North Dakota at Grand Forks, who had devoted most every available hour to the Festival for the past year…then ended up in a hospital bed Tuesday evening, September 25 as a result of a serious auto accident.
Reports are that Virgil will be okay. He received his reports on the conference in a Grand Forks hospital room. He will likely be laid up for most of the rest of 2012, at home in rural Red Lake Falls MN.
With hopes that I don’t forget anyone on the planning/implementation committee, special thanks to: Marie Trepanier, Bob Dedrick, Jon Tremblay, Mark Labine, Jerry Foley, Maryellen Weller, Fr. Jules Omalonga, Mike Durand, Pierre Girard and Jane Peck. I was involved too. We all pitched in with more than our individual share of time and talent to give this Festival a good start, possibly leading to status of an annual event in the future.
There are many words yet to be written; many photos to be shared. For the beginning, below are just a tiny sample of personal snapshots from the weekend of Sep 28-30.
The entire program remains archived here. Click on Franco-Fete tab, and scroll to near the end of the page. A mailing address for Dr. Benoit at University of North Dakota is at the bottom of the home page, if you wish to send a note.
It is quite certain that Bonjour Minnesota, at KFAI, Twin Cities, will devote considerable time on it show tomorrow night to Franco-Fete. Co-Host Olaf Pfannkuch was on the scene. Bonjour Minnesota airs at 8-10 p.m. CDT.
UPDATES may be added here as the day(s) go on, or there may be supplemental posts. Check back.
Here is the tiniest essence of the Fete, as seen through a few snapshots I managed to take. Others will have more photos, to come.
(click on photos to enlarge)

Christian Parron, University of St. Boniface, Manitoba, entertained dinner guests at Our Lady of Lourdes Sep 28.


Dan Chouinard and Maud Hixson entertained guests in the sanctuary of Our Lady of Lourdes. Dr. Benoit also attended per the poster you can see. Francine Roche also entertained an enthralled crowd.


An honored guest at the concert on Friday night was Laura Dumas, who played this organ and others at Our Lady of Lourdes from about 1910-1960. Her grandson Marshall West, of Petaluma CA, baptized in this church, sent memories part of which were read at the concert.


Francine Roche and Dan Chouinard opening at Le Vent du Nord Concert


Le Vent du Nord made its magic on stage September 29, 2012


Enjoying Le Vent du Nord


Spontaneous dancing during Le Vent du Nord


Fr. Jules Omalanga with children after Mass at St. Boniface, Sunday Sep 30.


PERSONAL PRIVILEGE:
Most of us on the coordinating committee are of French-Canadian descent, and were at one time members of La Societe Canadienne-Francaise du Minnesota (LSCF 1979-2002). Largely due to Franco-Fete, we are exploring ways to bring some of the history and spirit of LSCF to the second decade of the 21st century. Our first effort, which includes considerable content, can be found here. Your thoughts, ideas and contributions are welcome as we continue to evolve in our thoughts and ideas about bring the quiet but abundant French-Canadian and Francophone presence into a more visible role.

Franco-Fete Nouvelles Villes Jumelles (Franco-Fete Twin Cities) Sep 28-30, 2012

This weekend is Franco-Fete at the Nicollet Island area in Minneapolis. It’s been publicized before at this space. There’s still time to check it out, register and drop in.
All details are here.
Scroll to near the end of the site for a copy of the ten page conference program – the same program folks will receive this weekend.

There are four parts to the program. Participants can pick and choose. Fees are very reasonable, and the program is suited for all ages.
A. Friday beginning at 5 p.m. French dinner at historic Our Lady of Lourdes Catholic Church in Minneapolis, followed with a tour of a church and a concert featuring French music by noted Twin Cities performers. There will be limited additional seats at the concert for persons interested only in the music and not the dinner.
B. Saturday during the day is a jam packed conference with talks, seminars, music and performance events with a Francophone and French-Canadian flavor. (Don’t speak French? Don’t worry. We know that most do not speak French.)
C. Saturday evening at DeLaSalle High School, the beginning of the United States tour of the Quebec Juno (Grammy) winning group, Le Vent du Nord. This is a phenomenal group, performing in Quebec Folk style with Celtic features. I’ve written about them previously here. For this event only, tickets can be purchased on-line at Brown Paper Tickets. Tickets will also be available at the door the evening of performance.

D. Sunday noon and early afternoon at St. Boniface Catholic Church in NE Minneapolis, the West African Francophone community will host a Mass in French, followed by a lunch.
For sure, check out the website right away, particularly the program booklet.
At this late date, payment for tickets should be sent to Franco-Fete c/o Dick Bernard, Box 251491, Woodbury MN 55125. Use registration form at the site. Phone information from Dick at 651-334-5744.

#625 – Dick Bernard: Eric Lusardi's Peace Pole and Garden, and the International Day of Peace

Today is the annual International Day of Peace. Last night in an e-mail came a three minute video that helped set the stage for today. There are numerous sites emphasizing Peace, including May Peace Prevail on Earth, my own World Citizen, and others.
I knew part of my day today would be delightful, witnessing the public dedication of a Peace Pole and Peace Garden at the Community Commons in New Richmond WI. This was the culmination of an Eagle Scout project for near-15 year old Eric Lusardi, a young man who represents the kind of ideals our world could use a lot more of.
There isn’t much that I can say that would add to a few snapshots taken at the dedication. The New Richmond Peace Pole is unique among hundreds of thousands of Peace Poles around the globe, and it was unique because that is how Eric wanted it to be.
Here are some photos (click on them to enlarge).

The New Richmond WI Peace Pole, with globe affixed to the peak. This pole was designed by, and largely hand-made by the Lusardi family and friends, emphasizing local languages and materials.


The mayor of New Richmond, Fred Horne, reads the Proclamation for International Day of Peace. At his left is Cheryl Emerson, Director of the Commons


Eric Lusardi talks about his Peace Pole and Peace Garden Project


A representative of the New Richmond VFW Post 10818 spoke about the project.


The Dedication Plaque for the Peace Garden/Peace Pole. The plaque honors all who serve their community in any capacity


Melvin Giles helps dedicate the Peace Pole


Melvin Giles and Eric Lusardi and some of the group at the dedication


The group expresses unity with each other for the symbolism of the Peace Pole: a symbol of working for Peace.

A shy young lady became enamored by the Peace Pole.


The family joins the little girl at the Peace Pole.


During the events I had an opportunity to make some comments, and articulated my understanding of how the International Day of Peace came to be and evolved over the last 31 years. I gave a lot of credit to a young Englishman who in the later 1990s campaigned to have Peace Day set at September 21, rather than ‘floating’ as it had been in the earlier years. The last ‘floating’ Peace Day was, tragically, September 11, 2001, when participants at the UN in New York witnessed the Twin Towers being hit.
Afterwards a man with an English accent came up to me and asked more about the young man, who I remembered to be Jeremy. I thought the website was PeaceOneDay.org, and indeed that is the website, if you wish more information. (The young man’s name: Jeremy Gilley).
As I concluded my remarks, I mentioned seeing a brilliant rainbow when I was nearing the western Wisconsin town – one of the most brilliant rainbows I’ve ever seen. Of course, Rainbows are nearly impossible to capture on film, I was driving and I was running a little late as it was, so you’ll simply have to imagine that rainbow. That rainbow seemed a little bit more than simply a coincidence to me. Something wonderful was happening in this little community.
Mission over, I took my cold and my sore back to the car and drove home.
I felt really, really good inside.
Eric Lusardi was still in the community center, getting his Eagle Scout rank, the 108th granted by his troop.
He is richly deserving, and to me he represents the best of our future. His family and fellow citizens of New Richmond WI gave me cause for hope.

#624 – Dick Bernard: Election 2012 #46 – 4000 days at War in Afghanistan

Someone has calculated that today, September 19, 2012, is the 4000th day of the beginning of the War in Afghanistan: the day the bombing began, October 7, 2001.
Except for isolated demonstrations, including one this afternoon from 5-6 p.m. at the Lake Street bridge in Minneapolis, there will be little attention paid to this anniversary.
One of the few newspaper articles I have kept for posterity is one from October 8, 2001: Afghanistan Oct 7 2001001
This is a short article, simply describing the results of a poll of Americans at the time about going to War. It is worth reading. If you don’t care to open it: succinctly, 94% of Americans approved of the bombing of Afghanistan for whatever reasons they might have had for the action.
For a politician to be against the war in 2001 would have been almost certain political suicide.
I was one of the 6% who, had I been asked, would have disapproved of the bombing in 2001.
My opinion wasn’t based on being anti-war, then, though it was that singular event that launched my subsequent activist life.
As a military veteran myself, in the Army at the time of the Cuban Missile Crisis in 1962, in a unit that was mobilized for possible action, I was not altruistic.
Very simply, on that dark day in 2001, I could see absolutely no long term good coming out of attacking a country, Afghanistan, whose only ‘sin’ was harboring an isolated bunch of terrorists who were soon to become enshrined in our political conversation as “al Qaeda” (which, to my knowledge, is simply an Arabic term, al-qa’ida: “the base”).
October 8, 2001, was a very lonely time to be against War, I can attest.
Only about one of twenty Americans agreed with me, and most thought there was going to be a long war, and were okay with the idea and (I suppose) thought that we’d “win” something or other.
Not long after, of course, our sights shifted to Iraq, a country which had nothing to do with 9-11-01.
Of course, our futile exercise in supposedly attempting to eliminate evil in the world is succeeding only in slowly destroying ourselves.
“The Base” has to be pleased.
I probably won’t change anybodies mind, but take a bit of time today to consider a few numbers related to that number 4000 (my apologies for any math errors):
2977 – the number of deaths on 9-11-01 (including citizens of over 90 countries, but excluding the 19 hijackers, none of whom were Afghan)
2686 – the number of days of War on President George W. Bush’s watch
1314 – the number of days of War on President Barack Obama’s watch
Nov. 9, 2009 – the approximate date where we’d been at war for 2977 days: one day of war per 9-11-01 casualty.
There is no prospect of ever “winning” the war against terrorism, or Afghanistan, yet we persist in our fantasy for all the assorted reasons we might have. There is no still sane politician who will argue that we must end war now, or ever.
The fault is not the politicians (unless we extend the definition of “politician” to include ourselves, each and every one of us.)
There is no truer example of the truth of Gandhi’s words “we must be the change we wish to see in the world”.
Start where you’re at, as an individual, today, now.
A good place to begin to focus is this Friday, September 21, the International Day of Peace. There are numerous links. Here is the one that is at the top of the google search list.
Personally, I’ll be over in New Richmond WI, witnessing 14 year old Eric Lusardi’s becoming an Eagle Scout (the public ceremony is at 4:00 p.m., New Richmond Community Commons). Part of the ceremony will be dedication of a Peace Site.
Eric exemplifies Gandhi, and I think he’s an exemplary example of youth for our future as a people and a planet.
For some personal inspiration for Peace, visit A Million Copies, here.

#622 – Dick Bernard: 9-11-12

9-11-2001 seems to have become a permanent fixture in the American psyche. I offer a reflection a little different from what appears to be typical this day.
On this anniversary of 9-11-2001 the front page of the Minneapolis paper had a photo of a beam of one of the collapsed NYC towers as it is exhibited in a park in rural city in southwest Minnesota.
I wondered how this would have played post-December 7, 1941. Who would have suggested dismantling my uncle Franks tomb, the USS Arizona, with parts taken here and there as monuments in various places?
I cannot imagine even a serious thought, then, of desecrating the relic that was the USS Arizona and shipping pieces here and there as relics of war.
To this day, to my knowledge, the Arizona rests where it was destroyed, undisturbed. I’ve been there.
I also wondered how this debris will be looked on by some successor to our civilization coming across this rusted beam in a remote town 150 or 1000 years from now.
It will be puzzling to the visitor to what remains of the United States.
Like everyone, I would guess, I remember exactly what I was doing at the time I heard of the Towers being hit on 9-11-01. I didn’t see it on TV until late in the afternoon of that Tuesday.
The event had a strong personal impact: when I established my first web presence in April 2002, I chose for my Peace and Justice page two photos I’d taken of the twin towers in June, 1972, right before they were completed. A year later I wrote a reflection that remains at that same place on the web.
I remember.
(click to enlarge)

The Twin Towers NYC late June 1972.


NYC skyline June 1972. Photos by Dick Bernard


I wonder what we have learned since 9-11-01.
Sadly, it seems we have learned very little.
On 9-11-01 we seem to have had two forks in the road to recovery from the attack of 19 terrorists.
We could have done the normal thing: after the shock wore off, normally a short period of time, we would have begun to regroup, to learn from what happened, to not react. We could have even found ways to reconcile and for certain not indict an entire religion and race for the vicious attack perpetrated by a few.
Of course, we didn’t do that.
Almost unanimously, our country took the other fork, by far the most popular route: a combination of negative emotions such as revenge, or exploiting an opportunity…. We ended up injuring ourselves almost fatally in many ways. We damaged ourselves far more than the terrorists damaged us on September 11, 2001. Afghanistan Oct 7 2001001
Fast forward to the current day.
The photo of the tower beam on display in Marshall jarred me a bit, but did not surprise because three years ago, at the Peace Garden near Dunseith ND, bordering Canada and the U.S. since 1934 as a Garden of Peace between our two nations, I saw one of those monuments of World Trade Center rubble on the grounds.
I wrote my feelings about it in 2009, and it is archived here.
At the same post, as an Update, much more recent, is a column written this summer by James Skakoon of St. Paul. After his own visit to the Peace Garden, with the same reaction as mine, he happened to find my column on-line, and his comments speaks for itself.
But the bottom line is that it appears likely that we will be solemnizing the tragedy of New York City in 2001 for the immediate future as a monument to War, not Peace. We are compounding our loss from the tragedy.
I hope that there is thought given to changing the emphasis from continued emphasis on war, to more emphasis on the need for peace.

Dick Bernard: A graduation and a commencement.

September 9, 2012, was a remarkable day for me. It has taken till December 10, 2012, to complete this brief post.
There were two events on September 9, one immediately following the other. That day I was to meet a young man I’d never met before, 15-year old Eric Lusardi, over in New Richmond Wisconsin.
The same afternoon, a little later, was the Memorial Service for Rev. Verlyn Smith, 85, a man I cannot say I knew well, but for whom I had huge respect.
I knew Verlyn for the same reason I was about to meet Eric Lusardi: both were about the task of making the world a better place.
Eric was about to become an Eagle Scout, and his Eagle Project was to develop a Peace Garden at the local community center in his town of New Richmond WI. This was his idea, and as we all learned at the actual ceremony on September 21, he had enrolled the community in his efforts.
A main service project of his was to help the community effort called Empty Bowls, an initiative on-going since 2007.
On September 9, Eric seemed most proud to tell Melvin Giles and myself about Empty Bowls.
(click to enlarge)

Melvin Giles with the Lusardi family, September 9, 2012

Eric and Mark Lusardi explain the Empty Bowls Project September 9, 2012

In one of many ways yet to come, Eric was involved in his own commencement into the rest of his life.
I left New Richmond early, to get back to Minneapolis for the Service of Thanksgiving and Remembrance” for the man I knew as Verlyn.

Verlyn was a South Dakota farm kid from west of Sioux Falls, a child of the Great Depression. He knew the hard times from experience.
The unseen markers of life took him to the Lutheran ministry, and within that ministry to the Vietnam era college ministry in California which is where, he said, he became acquainted with the Peace movement. He last ministered in the same Church at which he was buried, and he was a quiet but giant advocate for peace and justice in our world. Here is an excellent description of his life and work: Verlyn Smith001
He would have loved to meet Eric in person.

Verlyn Smith (second from right, in tan coat) one of honorees at the Nov. 5, 2010, Hawkinson Foundation* annual awards dinner.

I’m not sure what Verlyn’s hopes, dreams and aspirations were when he turned 15 in 1942, on the South Dakota prairies.
What is certain is that he added to the value of our world by his presence in the next 70 years.
It is the best that we can do, to make the world a better place by our having been part of it.
Congratulations, Eric, as your life continues, and commences.
And farewell, Verlyn**.
* – The Hawkinson Foundation website is here.
** – It is important to note, also, that one of Eric’s grandfathers passed on in the summer of 2012. Life continues.

#615 – Dick Bernard: Election 2012 #40. Four years after Peace Island

Today, September 2, 2012, is the fourth anniversary of the first day of Peace Island, “Hope in a Time of Crisis, A Solutions-Driven Conference”. Peace Island was a remarkable and exhausting Tuesday and Wednesday running at the same time as the Republican National Convention just two or three miles down the road in downtown St. Paul, September 2-4, 2008.
Earlier today, I received word that my committee colleague who helped organize that Conference, Verlyn Smith, passed away on Friday, August 31, 2012. Susu Jeffrey, who originated the idea of Peace Island, commented “Oh, the loss! What I liked so much about Verlyn is…just himself, this large, gentle presence with the thoughtful, often humorous, comments.”
Indeed.
Verlyn’s memorial service will be next Sunday, Sept. 9, at 3 p.m. at Grace University Lutheran Church, 324 Harvard St., Minneapolis 55414. He was a retired Lutheran Pastor and his last call was at Grace Lutheran. Here’s the only photo I have of him at the Peace Island Conference. He’s the man seated at the right. (click to enlarge a bit)

Verlyn Smith (at right) Sep. 3, 2008 at Peace Island. Speaking is Ray McGovern, in background is Coleen Rowley.


Peace Island was a rather remarkable event. In the end a total of at least 23 speakers, mostly nationally known, addressed the audience in a half dozen plenary, and several other specific sessions. Several hundred people attended one or more of the sessions.
Peace Island was so peaceful that it attracted no interest from the news media, including the alternative media from the the progressive left who, to our knowledge, never did any reporting from or even about the event.
This wasn’t due to lack of effort on the Peace Island organizing committee’s part.
Our event was just too peaceful, apparently. It was boring from a news standpoint, in other words.
The action was down the street in St. Paul, inside and outside the Republican National Convention. Paradoxically, even those committed to peace and justice seem to revel in conflict.
Peace Island covered a great array of topics. Here is a five-page portion of the program booklet for Peace Island: Peace Island Sep 2-3 08001
Our committee quite literally wrestled with all aspects of the agenda for nearly two years before it convened. We were all volunteers. Visionary with the idea was Susu Jeffrey who, with Dennis Dillon, ultimately the chair, moved the idea forward.
Others on the committee included Dick Bernard, John and Marie Braun, Rebecca Janke, Ann Lewis, Bob Milner and Verlyn Smith. A couple of us, including Verlyn, were laid low with serious illness at one time or another.
The program was solely sponsored by the Minnesota Alliance of Peacemakers (MAP).
We early on decided that the conference would be solutions based. It is difficult to keep such a focus when there are so many problems, but the speakers generally did their best.
Perhaps the speaker with the greatest problems to confront ‘back home’ was Anne Hastings, Director of the Haitian microfinance group Fonkoze. During the summer and fall of 2008 four separate hurricanes hit Haiti causing immense disruptions and death and destruction in the tiny country. Fonkoze was a nationwide agency serving the needs of the poor, and its members severely hit. This was one and one-half years before the earthquake of January, 2010.

Anne Hastings, Joseph Schwartzberg and Bharat Parekh, Sep. 3, 2008


At demonstration on Labor Day 2008 in St. Paul MN


Massive police presence on the streets of St. Paul Labor Day 2008. Note policeman filming the protestors.


Concert at Peace Island Picnic Sep 4, 2012. This was separate from the Conference but a directly related event. In foreground is Tao Rodriguez-Seeger, Pete Seeger's grandson.


Preparing a giant peace sign to be photographed from above (it worked)


Completed peace sign can be seen here.

Gunboat on the Mississippi "protecting" RNC convention goers from peace island folks


In 2008, Peace Island was scheduled at the time of the Republican Convention in St. Paul.
Today, four years later, September 2 is between the Republican Convention (in Tampa last week) and Democratic Convention (in Charlotte, this week).
Problems continue and will continue so long as people are on this planet.
Working towards solutions should still be our objective, for the ultimate good of the planet earth.
Final Thought: Reports on events like this, including mine, are almost impossible to objectively report about. They are full of emotion from one side or another.
But there are other ‘sides’ to the story. When I was scanning the photo with the armed and dangerous police along the parade route, I got to thinking about a burly uniformed Ramsey County officer I was standing behind at the local coffee shop some months ago. I had noticed his shoes and we struck up a conversation about the kinds of shoes police personnel wear. The only thing I remember from the conversation was his comment that his feet hurt when he was on guard during the Republican National Convention….

Au-delà des murs (Beyond the Walls) – Resources for French-Canadians of the Midwest

TIME SENSITIVE UPDATES FOLLOW PHOTO OF FRENCH-AMERICAN HERITAGE FOUNDATION BOARD.
Welcome! to a work in progress. While the French-American Heritage Foundation begins to take root, here is a portal to much information about French-Canadian heritage in the Midwest of the United States. Your comments/ideas/contributions of material welcome. E-mail dick_bernardATmsnDOTcom.
Au-dela001

Above graphic courtesy of a great volunteer at Alliance Francaise. See page 43 of 2013 French Resource Directory.
(click to enlarge)

French-American Heritage Founding Board April 2013.  From left: Mary Ellen Weller; Christine Loys; Dr. Virgil Benoit; Marie Trepanier; Jon Tremblay; Bob Dietrick; Mike Durand; Mark Labine; Jerry Foley; Dick Bernard.  Also Board members: Pierre Girard; Rev. Jules Omalanga; Jane Peck

French-American Heritage Founding Board April 2013. From left: Mary Ellen Weller; Christine Loys; Dr. Virgil Benoit; Marie Trepanier; Jon Tremblay; Bob Dietrick; Mike Durand; Mark Labine; Jerry Foley; Dick Bernard. Also Board members: Pierre Girard; Rev. Jules Omalanga; Jane Peck; Francine Roche


CURRENT UPDATE September 1, 2013
NEW: 1. With many thanks to F-AHF Chair Mark Labine: This is worth a look. Musée virtuel de la Nouvelle France Content is also in French.
NEW 2. Merci to F-AHF Board Member Pierre Girard: I received this link and thought you might be interested in reading it-ESPECIALLY the comments at the end.
3. The French-American Heritage Foundation (F-AHF) is only three months old, but its leadership consists of diverse persons with a long history of activism in manners related to the French and francophone experience.
The Mission Statement: To promote and cultivate French-language cultures through education and public programming.
Purpose: “Why have an French-American Heritage foundation? Two words come to mind: Education and entertainment. We in Minnesota pride ourselves as being an educated, world-conscious people. This means we should know our past and be aware of other cultures and languages. Therefore, the foundation’s primary focus, at least to start, will be to put on a Franco-Fete in 2014 that will celebrate francophone history and heritage, entertainment, songs, stories, food and culture from all over the world, including French, French-Canadians, Acadian, Manitoban, Cajun, Metis, West-African, North African, Vietnamese and others.” (from brochure of F-AHF)
Tax deductible gifts for supporting membership (checks payable to French American Heritage Fund):
Supporting: $25.00
Sustaining: $100.00
Sponsor: $500.00
Mail to Jerry Foley, Treasurer, 4736 Coffey Lane Minneapolis 55406
Questions can be sent through Vice-President Dick Bernard, dick_bernardATmsn.com. Please place FAHF in subject line.
4. UPDATE: Preview of in-preparation film about French in Minnesota, En Avant, is here, password Minneapolis. Nov. 18, 2012 Blogpost about this project is here. A program and fund-raiser for the film was held Friday, October 11: En Avant_Invite at the Ritz6. There was a very strong attendance, and the preview was shown.
Here is Gail Rosenblum’s column about the project in the September 28, 2012 Minneapolis Star Tribune.
5. Report on St. Jean-Baptiste Day event in Minneapolis June 24, 2013 here.
6. Excerpts from the book Maria Chapdelaine from Bill Horn: Maria Chapdelaine excerp001. (The book Maria Chapdelaine can be downloaded for free in both languages. Click here.)
ONGOING
QUEBEC’s own Francine Roche, with Mark Skillman, can be heard here on Garrison Keillors Prairie Home Companion program from Des Moines IA Nov. 7, 2009. Francine and Mark perform three songs on this program.
Francine and Mark perform regularly at two venues in Minneapolis:
Check with venues for performance information.
Eagles #34 at 2507 E 25th south Minneapolis 612-724-9714 .
Honey a block from Our Lady of Lourdes in northeast Minneapolis. 205 E. Hennepin, 612-746-0306. Call or check calendar for next performance date.
Francine Roche (center) with Cathy Bernard (left) at Canada Day fete at the Consul Generals home June 26, 2013

Francine Roche (center) with Cathy Bernard (left) at Canada Day fete at the Consul Generals home June 26, 2013


Among many activities, La Societe C-F began a radio presence, Moi et L’autre (Me and the Other), at tiny KFAI-FM in 1982, due to the energy of members Francine Roche and Carmelle Pommepuy. Here is a half hour from a mid-November, 1982, program.
RESOURCE SECTION:
Thoughts about Minneapolis’ first Franco-Fete September 28-30, 2012 can be found here. The entire program for Franco-Fete remains archived here. Scroll down to near end of page.
This new page (initiated September 1, 2012) is intended as an entrance portal to resources primarily provided by individuals with French-Canadian background, particularly in the middle west.
If you have a family website, or resources you feel would be of interest to Midwest French-Canadians, feel free to submit them in a fashion ready to post on this website. Send information to dick_bernardATmeDOTcom. Explanatory text should be brief, more or less similar to what you see below. Your intro should give the reader an idea what your link is about.
INITIATIVES IN FRENCH MIDWEST

www.ifmidwest.org is a site which gives the latest information on Franco-Fêtes and other programs directed by IFMidwest for students, teachers, and general public in the Midwest. Copies of past issues of the organization’s magazine are also found on the site, map locating French-Canadian and Metis communities in North Dakota and the Minnesota Red River Valley, photos from past events, and a list of material contained in the IFMidwest archives in the Chester Fritz Library at the University of North Dakota.
WEBSITES:
This website, OUTSIDETHEWALLS.ORG, while it includes writing on numerous topics, has an increasing collection of posts relating to French-Canadian and Quebec topics. Best entree point is the post for July 23, which is here. At the end of the July 23 post are references to the numerous blog items written on this topic.
CHEZ-NOUS.NET
Chez-Nous.net/fc.html is a family site initiated by Dick Bernard in 2002.
The first page identifies a number of items which may well be of interest to the casual reader including:
1. The 1981 Centennial Book of Sacred Heart Church, Oakwood ND (85 pages)
2. A 2003 compilation by Dr. Remi Roy about his family, which includes a fascinating look at early settlement of lower Canada south of the St. Lawrence. (34 pages of text plus genealogy)
3. A brief history of La Societe Canadienne Francaise du Minnesota including a short description of John Rivard
4. Comments by retired Catholic Bishop Raymond Lessard on his visit to Ste Anne de Beaupre circa 1975.
5. Access to the website for Ste. Elisabeth MB (east of Morris MB, and an old French-Canadian parish)
6. A brief history, from 2002, of the Collette family (about 20 pages) This history was refined and much expanded in the 2010 400 Years book referenced at this same page.
DURAND HERITAGE FOUNDATION
The Durand Heritage Foundation was founded in 1998 with a stated mission to “preserve our family heritage.” Since then, the foundation’s quarterly newsletters have featured informative and entertaining historical articles on the individuals, families and events that shaped the Durand family heritage. The Durand Heritage Foundation maintains an extensive, online family tree database of over 16,000 names that trace the Durand family records back to 1636 in Doeuil-sur-le-Mignon, St. Onge, France. With the arrival Jean Durand dit La Fortune on the shores of New France (Canada )in 1657 and his subsequent marriage to a young Huron woman, Catherine Anenontha, the rich and long history of the Durand family thus began. The regularly updated database continues to expand to include newly discovered family “branches.”
The Durand Heritage Foundation’s volunteer board of directors meet once or twice a year to plan the publication of articles, books, website content , and the organization of its annual scholarship fundraising bike ride called the JohnnyRide. To date, the foundation’s JohnnyRide scholarship program has awarded over $10,000 to some 25 students from Wisconsin, Minnesota, Missouri, Colorado, Florida, Texas, Ohio, Massachusetts, and Washington.
JANEPECK.COM
Jane Peck , dance historian, teacher, and choreographer, does performances and classes on French-Canadian and Metis dance, theater, art, and culture. She and her ensemble, Dance Revels Moving History, have toured their show and workshops, A Voyageur’s Tale, to public schools, colleges, festivals, and museums in the Upper Midwest and central Canada since 1995. More info here. Jane has studied dances and arts of these cultures in France, Montreal, Turtle Mt. Reservation, and with Quebecois artists since 1991.
In 2011 Dance Revels and Jane mounted an extensive new show on mixed blood and Metis life in the Upper Midwest seen through the life of Metis pioneer guide Pierre Bottineau. The show, Bottineau Jig; Untold Tales of Early Minnesota, played to very diverse and sold-out audiences. We hope to remount the show for touring in other parts of the Upper Midwest in 2013. See here and here.
Contact Jane for performances and teaching on these topics at revels@janepeck.com.
TOUTCANADIEN
ToutCanadien.com is where you come to learn CANADIAN FRENCH (or Quebec French or North-American French, whatever you choose to call it) as an entire language, not just phrases or expressions, not just words with the little italicized “(Canada)” after them as found in most dictionaries, but AS AN ENTIRE LANGUAGE.
The mission of this site is to become the most complete on-line resource for the acquisition or the reacquisition of the North-American French Language. This mission is especially dedicated to all Franco-Americans who have lost their heritage language.
FRENCH IN AMERICA CALENDAR PHOTOS
From 1985 through 2002 Dr. Virgil Benoit and Marie-Reine Mikesell collaborated on an annual French in America calendar.
At his website, John Fisher has 234 JPGs of the photographs and their descriptions, plus additional materials. This is a fascinating collection of French in America history.
OTHER CONTRIBUTIONS (in order of receipt):
LA SOCIETE CANADIENNE-FRANCAISE DU MINNESOTA (LSCF)
(including Index for Chez Nous and Nouvelles Villes Jumelles)
added Sep 1, 2012
LSCF was a gathering organization for Twin Cities and Midwest French-Canadians from 1979-2002. Here is a 21 page document including the history of LSCF, and a complete index of the organizations newsletters: LaSociete1979-2001V#5
La Societe’s Founding Documents from 1979: LSCF Founding Documents001
Among many activities, La Societe C-F began a radio presence, Moi et L’autre (Me and the Other), at tiny KFAI-FM in 1982, due to the energy of members Francine Roche and Carmelle Pommepuy. Here is a half hour from a mid-November, 1982, program. Francine and Carmelle ultimately left for other things, Lucille Ingram, Gabe Brusseau and possibly others filled in, and ultimately the slot for the program became, and continues to be, Bonjour Minnesota, first hosted by Georgette Pfannkuch, then with Caryl Minetti, now with Caryl Minetti and Olaf Pfannkuch (Georgette passed away in 2008). KFAI-FM continues and now broadcasts live also by internet. Here is a recent program with conversation about Franco-Fete, and an upcoming film being produced about French in the Midwest. Listen to the Sep 11, 2012 program. The program airs each Tuesday night from 8-10 p.m. CDT

John Rivard and Betty (Morency) Hudelson, Nov. 1985, L'Heritage Tranquille, Minneapolis MN


(click on photo to enlarge). The event at which this photo was taken, L’Heritage Tranquille in November, 1985, was a very successful event, sponsored by Concordia Language Villages and coordinated by Dr. Virgil Benoit. John Rivard, founder of La Societe Canadienne-Francaise, was a presenter; Betty (Morency) Hudelson, from Hibbing and the Iron Range chapter, grew up in Cohasset, and her Morency roots were in Ste Famille on Ile d’Orleans. Betty passed away of cancer two years later, in 1987, not yet 60.
Here is an 1888 letter to the editor (originally in French) in the French language newspaper of St. Paul, Le Canadien:C-F comment 1888001
Posted here is a November, 1989 article, in Nouvelle Villes Jumelles, about early French-Canadian and other settlement in early Minnesota: Early MN Terr Settlers001
Here is a December, 1989, article in Nouvelles Villes Jumelles about earlier Minnesota French-Canadian organizations and institutions: Fr-Canad Les Racines001
Art of rural folk in old Quebec by MASSICOTTE, Edmond-Joseph, Artist, Montreal, 1875-1929 added Sep 1, 2012
Massicotte was a prolific artist whose fame lies with 17 paintings, the first dozen originally published in 1923, whose title was Nos Canadiens d’autrefois; another five intended for a second volume published after his death. In the mid-1990s, Carmelle Pommepuy, one of the original members of La Societe Canadienne-Francaise du Minnesota, sent Dick Bernard photo copies of the 17 paintings, which are attached in two groups (there is no significance to the grouping). The paintings evoke the feelings of life in rural Quebec, which was doubtless replicated by immigrants to rural life in the Midwest.
Great thanks to Carmelle, who passed away in 2003.
Massicotte Edm-Jos001 and Massicotte Edm-Jos 2001
DICK BERNARD:
Musings about being descended from French-Canadians
Sep 1, 2012
Born 1940, Dick had no particular interest in his roots until he was past 40, became active in matters French-Canadian including editing Chez Nous (above) for over 15 years. In early 2012 Dick decided to write down what he felt were some threads in his Middle West French-Canadian ancestry, shared these musings with a number of others of similar French-Canadian descent, and the results to date follow, along with some related materials.
Dick’s Musings:FrenchCanadianFirstThoughts
Descendants of French in United States per 1980 census (two pages): French descent 1980 cens001
General Timeline of French settlement of Quebec and later migration to Midwest: Quebec and Midwest Settlement Timeline
22 Jan 1730 Quebec Marriage Contract of Pierre Bernard and Marie Genevieve Giroux: QuebecMarrContr001
Enlistment document of Samuel Collette in the Minnesota Indian War of 1862-63:Samuel Collette Oct 62001
Territory included in the Treaty at Huot Old Crossing 1863-64 (Samuels relatives, the Collettes, migrated west about 1864 and were later direct beneficiaries of the Indian War and the Treaty at Huot Crossing:Old Crossing Treaty 1863001
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